Método para el desarrollo de software seguro basado en la ingeniería de software y ciberseguridad

The increase in computer attacks is in increasing demand, nowadays cybercrime to which our data is exposed is more frequent. On the other hand, the management of software and tools used in computer science is what represents today a fundamental pillar in what teaching and scientific research refers, however, the concept goes far beyond that, of the hand of computer security that involves many more factors than are believed, not only physical but logical, referring to all the applications that run on each of the computers and that are part of the software. This paper presents a secure software model based on the software development life cycle and aims to create professionals capable of developing secure software products and at the same time raise awareness of the various problems that may arise from not establishing security measures in Systems development A final analysis of the importance of creating professionals with knowledge of the use and application of computer security is carried out.El incremento de los ataques informáticos va en creciente demanda, hoy en día es más frecuente los ciberdelitos a los que nuestros datos están expuestos. Por otro lado, el manejo que se tiene del software y las herramientas utilizadas en informática es lo que representa hoy en día un pilar fundamental en lo que enseñanza e investigación científica se refiere, sin embargo, el concepto va mucho más allá de ello, de la mano de la seguridad informática que involucra muchos más factores de los que se creen, no solo físicos sino lógicos, refiriéndose a todas las aplicaciones que ejecutan en cada uno de los equipos y que forman parte del software. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de software seguro basado en el ciclo de vida de desarrollo de software y pretende crear profesionales capaces de desarrollar productos seguros de software y al mismo tiempo crear conciencia ante los diversos problemas que se pueden originar al no establecer medidas de seguridad en el desarrollo de sistemas. Se realiza un análisis final de la importancia que tiene crear profesionales con conocimiento del uso y aplicación de la seguridad informática

Estudio de la tasa de remuneración del Sistema de Transmisión Nacional de Energía Eléctrica en Colombia

Dentro de las funciones asignadas a la Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas - CREG, mediante la Ley 143 de 1994, se encuentran la de determinar la metodología para el cálculo de las tarifas por el acceso y uso de las redes eléctricas para el Mercado Regulado -- El objetivo de esta investigación académica, es revisar en detalle los criterios de cálculo de la Tasa de Remuneración de los activos de transmisión en Colombia establecida en la actual metodología y presentar una propuesta alternativa para la definición de una nueva tasa utilizando la teoría de portafolios de inversión de Markowitz, mediante la cual se determine una tasa óptima dentro de varios portafolios que conforman una frontera con aquellas rentabilidades que predominan sobre las demás -- La importancia por lo tanto de este trabajo, radica en que involucra elementos adicionales a los que actualmente están siendo considerados por la CREG, que pueden ser un aporte al ente regulador y a las instancias pertinentes para complementar los criterios de definición de la Tasa de Remuneración de la transmisión de energía eléctric

Evidencia científica y recomendaciones sobre cribado de agudeza visual. Revisión bibliográfica

Fundamentos: En los ámbitos científico e institucional existe controversia sobre cuándo recomendar la práctica del cribado visual en la población. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar el nivel de evidencia científica que existe sobre el cribado visual para determinar si las recomendaciones existentes son o no adecuadas. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos científicos consultando las bases de datos MedLine y The Cochranre Library Plus, sin restricción de fecha, en los idiomas español e inglés. Se incluyó literatura gris mediante búsqueda manual. No se hicieron restricciones respecto al tipo de estudio. Se revisaron los abstracts y en los casos necesarios los artículos completos, teniéndose en cuenta finalmente todos los artículos que incluían recomendaciones sobre cribado de agudeza visual y eliminando el resto. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 6 artículos. La mayoría de las recomendaciones realizadas por las sociedades fueron a través de guías de práctica clínica o artículos de opinión. Respecto a los diseños de los artículos científicos localizados hubo 2 ensayos aleatorios controlados, 3 ensayos no controlados y 1 estudio transversal. Conclusiones: Los estudios sobre adultos no permiten determinar que las recomendaciones realizadas por las sociedades científicas tengan una base científica sólida. En el caso de los niños, los estudios y las sociedades científicas no aclaran cuál es la edad más idónea para realizar cribado visual

Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fibromyalgia: Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Replicated Single-Case Design

Objective. Overall, the literature on the effectiveness of psychological treatments in general and those for fibromyalgia in particular has been dominated by research designs that focus on large groups and explore changes on average, so the treatment impact at the individual level remains unclear. In this quasi-experimental, replicated single-case design, we will test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and committed therapy intervention using ecological momentary assessment supported by technology. Methods. The sample comprised 7 patients (3 in the individual condition and 4 in the group condition) who received a brief, 5-week psychological treatment. Patient evolution was assessed one week prior to treatment onset and during the whole study with a smartphone app. Because ecological momentary assessment and the use of an app are not frequent practices in routine care, we also evaluated the feasibility of this assessment methodology (i.e., compliance with the app). Change was investigated with a nonoverlap of all pairs index. Outcomes were pain interference with sleep and social activities, fatigue, sadness, and pain intensity. Results. Patient change was not uniform across outcomes. Four patients (two in each condition) showed relatively moderate levels of change (approximately 60% nonoverlap in several outcomes). The remaining patients showed more modest improvements which affected a reduced number of outcomes. Based on nonoverlapping indices, there was no clear evidence in favor of any treatment format. Conclusions. An alternative design to large-scale trials, one that focuses on the individual change, exists and it can be implemented in pain research. The use of technology (e.g., smartphones) simplifies such designs by facilitating ecological momentary assessment. Based on our findings showing that changes were not homogeneous across patients or outcomes, more single-case designs and patient-centered analyses (e.g., responder and moderation analyses) are required

Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance

Contact lenses (CLs) are prone to biofilm formation, which may cause severe ocular infections. Since the use of antibiotics is associated with resistance concerns, here, two alternative strategies were evaluated to endow CLs with antibiofilm features: copolymerization with the antifouling monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and loading of the antioxidant resveratrol with known antibacterial activity. MPC has, so far, been used to increase water retention on the CL surface (Proclear® 1 day CLs). Both poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) and silicone hydrogels were prepared with MPC covering a wide range of concentrations (from 0 to 101 mM). All hydrogels showed physical properties adequate for CLs and successfully passed the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. Silicone hydrogels had stronger affinity for resveratrol, with higher loading and a slower release rate. Ex vivo cornea and sclera permeability tests revealed that resveratrol released from the hydrogels readily accumulated in both tissues but did not cross through. The antibiofilm tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus evidenced that, in general, resveratrol decreased biofilm formation, which correlated with its concentration-dependent antibacterial capability. Preferential adsorption of lysozyme, compared to albumin, might also contribute to the antimicrobial activity. In addition, importantly, the loading of resveratrol in the hydrogels preserved the antioxidant activity, even against photodegradation. Overall, the designed hydrogels can host therapeutically relevant amounts of resveratrol to be sustainedly released on the eye, providing antibiofilm and antioxidant performanceThis research was funded by MINECO (SAF2017-83118-R), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) Spain, Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2020/17), FEDER, and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal (UIDB/00100/2020 and UIDB/04585/2020). M. Vivero-Lopez acknowledges Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria) for a predoctoral research fellowship (ED481A-2019/120)S

Worldwide co-occurrence analysis of 17 species of the genus Brachypodium using data mining

The co-occurrence of plant species is a fundamental aspect of plant ecology that contributes to understanding ecological processes, including the establishment of ecological communities and its applications in biological conservation. A priori algorithms can be used to measure the co-occurrence of species in a spatial distribution given by coordinates. We used 17 species of the genus Brachypodium, downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility data repository or obtained from bibliographical sources, to test an algorithm with the spatial points process technique used by Silva et al. (2016), generating association rules for co-occurrence analysis. Brachypodium spp. has emerged as an effective model for monocot species, growing in different environments, latitudes, and elevations; thereby, representing a wide range of biotic and abiotic conditions that may be associated with adaptive natural genetic variation. We created seven datasets of two, three, four, six, seven, 15, and 17 species in order to test the algorithm with four different distances (1, 5, 10, and 20 km). Several measurements (support, confidence, lift, Chi-square, and p-value) were used to evaluate the quality of the results generated by the algorithm. No negative association rules were created in the datasets, while 95 positive co-occurrences rules were found for datasets with six, seven, 15, and 17 species. Using 20 km in the dataset with 17 species, we found 16 positive co-occurrences involving five species, suggesting that these species are coexisting. These findings are corroborated by the results obtained in the dataset with 15 species, where two species with broad range distributions present in the previous dataset are eliminated, obtaining seven positive co-occurrences. We found that B. sylvaticum has co-occurrence relations with several species, such as B. pinnatum, B. rupestre, B. retusum, and B. phoenicoides, due to its wide distribution in Europe, Asia, and north of Africa. We demonstrate the utility of the algorithm implemented for the analysis of co-occurrence of 17 species of the genus Brachypodium, agreeing with distributions existing in nature. Data mining has been applied in the field of biological sciences, where a great amount of complex and noisy data of unseen proportion has been generated in recent years. Particularly, ecological data analysis represents an opportunity to explore and comprehend biological systems with data mining and bioinformatics tools

Proinflammatory and Anabolic Gene Expression Effects of Platelet-Rich Gel Supernatants on Equine Synovial Membrane Explants Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are used in horses with osteoarthritis (OA). However, some controversies remain regarding the ideal concentration of platelets and leukocytes to produce an adequate anti-inflammatory and anabolic response in the synovial membrane. The aims of this study were to study the influence of leukoconcentrated platelet-rich gel (Lc-PRG) and leukoreduced platelet-rich gel (Lr-PRG) supernatants on the quantitative expression of some proinflammatory and anabolic genes in equine synovial membrane explants (SMEs) challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SMEs from six horses were cultured over 96 h. Then, SMEs were harvested for RNA extraction and quantitative gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR for nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The 25% and 50% Lc-PRG supernatants led to downregulation of NFκB, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, COL1A1, COL2A1, and COMP in SMEs. Lr-PRG supernatants (particularly at the 50% concentration) induced downregulation of NFκB, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and COL1A1 and upregulation of COL2A1 and COMP. Lr-PRG supernatants should be used for the treatment of inflammatory arthropathies in horses because they have anti-inflammatory and anabolic effects in the synovial membrane

La economía como factor importante para la obtención de servicios de salud en población mexiquense

The socioeconomic situation is determinant when talking about health, which is an important sphere in the human being, concomitant to the characteristics of society, it is associated with priorities and political decisions, therefore, an aspect of crucial relevance for the application of the epidemiological approach and the practice of public health are the socioeconomic inequalities in health as well as rectifying the socioeconomic factors that form the population in search of equity. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 60 families from the town of Raíces, Zinacantepec. A validated questionnaire on access to health services following ethical precepts was used. Descriptive analysis was applied. 84.9% of the families have a monthly income of less than two minimum wages, 63.3% state that they do not purchase medications due to lack of economic resources, and 91.6% consider medication too expensive. The socioeconomic determinant is a factor that limits access to health services, so establishing a plan focused on prevention, promotion and education for health contributes to the economy of families.El determinante socioeconómico es una de las grandes limitantes de la salud, la cual es una esfera importante en el ser humano, concomitante a las características de la sociedad está asociado con las prioridades y las decisiones políticas, por lo que, un aspecto de relevancia crucial para la aplicación del enfoque epidemiológico y la práctica de la salud pública son las desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud así como rectificar los factores socioeconómicos que forman a la población en busca de la equidad. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, con una muestra de 60 familias de la población de Raíces, Zinacantepec. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado sobre el acceso a servicios de salud siguiendo los preceptos éticos. Se aplicó análisis descriptivo. El 84.9% de las familias tiene un ingreso mensual menor a dos salarios mínimos, el 63.3% refiere que no adquiere los medicamentos debido a la falta del recurso económico y el 91.6% los considera costosos.  El determinante socioeconómico es un factor que delimita el acceso a los servicios de salud, por lo que establecer un plan enfocado en prevención, promoción y educación para la salud coadyuva en la economía de las familias